Session 20

 8th FEbruary 2023 

 cloudy , windy, cold 

Wednesday 

Every year about two million people visit Mount Rushmore, where the faces of four U.S. presidents were carved in granite by sculptor Gutzon Borglum and his son, the late Lincoln Borglum. The creation of Mount Rushmore monument took 14 years – from 1927 to 1941 – and nearly a million dollars. These were times when money was difficult to come by and many people were jobless. To move the more than

400, 000 tons of rock, Borglum hired laid-off workers from the closed-down mines in the Black Hills area. He taught these men to dynamite, drill, carve, and finish the granite as they were hanging in midair in his specially devised chairs, which had many safety features. Borglum was proud of the fact that no workers were killed or severely injured during the years of blasting and carving.

 

During the carving, many changes in the original design had to be made to keep the carved heads free of large fissures that were uncovered. However, not all the cracks could be avoided, so Borglum concocted a mixture of granite dust, white lead, and linseed oil to fill them.

 

Every winter, water from melting snows gets into the fissures and expands as it freezes, making the fissures bigger. Consequently, every autumn maintenance work is done to refill the cracks. The repairers swing out in space over a 500-foot drop and fix the monument with the same mixture that Borglum used to preserve this national monument for future generations.

Write the questions whose answers are the next sentences : (5 points)

 

1.      The creation of Mount Rushmore monument took 14 years.

How long did the creation of M.R. monument take ?

2.      Borglum hired laid-off workers from the closed-down mines in the Black Hills area.

Who did B hire in the BH area?

What kind of workers did B hire ?

Where were the laid-off workers from?

3.      Borglum was proud of the fact that no workers were killed or severely injured during the years of blasting and carving.

What was B proud of ?

4.      Every autumn maintenance work is done to refill the cracks.

Why is maintenance work done every autumn?

5.      The repairers swing out in space over a 500-foot drop and fix the monument.

How do the repairers work to fix the monument?

to fill (ed) = a umple 

crack = crapatura 

laid-off = unemployed

to get somebody the sack = a concedia 

to carve (ed) = a sculpta

to blast / to blow up / to explode 

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/tenses_table.pdf

ex 6 

1. What time do you usually get up ? 

2. Why did you there ? 

3. How did you feel yesterday ? 

4. What are you doing ? 

5. Where did you leave my bike ?

6. Who is coming to your party ? 

7. Who teaches you Maths ?

  Who is your Maths teacher ?

8. What do you usually have for lunch ?

9. How long has he known his wife for ?

10. Could / Can you help me with ...

ex 7 

occupation 

explanation

successful

construction

politician 

1.It's the prettiest         girl ...

2. We'll miss the train unless we go ....

3. It's the most beautiful picture ...

4. Dan's  car is more expensive than mine. 

5. The cheetah is faster than ...

https://agendaweb.org/verbs/mixed_tenses-exercises.html